Trade surplus nations face a tough choice: they either reinvest aggressively (the A option, common in rapidly developing economies), accept higher unemployment (B), or rack up debt (C). Simple as that. Look at what actually happened since the 1970s—barely any A, but C? Through the roof. Most economies chose the debt route. That debt accumulation has shaped everything from currency dynamics to asset cycles, worth thinking about if you're positioning for macro shifts.